II motako Diabetes Mellitusa (DM2) Espainiako hirugarren gaixotasun kroniko nagusia da. Gaixotasunak duen prebalentziagatik eta horren prebentzioaren garrantziagatik, Gipuzkoako farmazietan “DM2a Pairatzeko Arriskua Antzemateko Programa” jarri da martxan 2017ko urtarrilean. Helburua, Elgetako botikan, programan parte hartzen duten gizabanakoek DM2a pairatzeko duten arriskua kalkulatzea eta Elgetako biztanleriaren osasun-egoera aztertzea da. Horrez gain, komunitateko farmaziak DM2a pairatzeko arriskuaren detekzioa komunitateko zerbitzu farmazeutiko bezala bultzatzea du helburu. Programak 6 hilabeteko iraupena izan du eta ikerketa prospektiboa izan da. Gaixotasuna pairatzeko arriskua kalkulatzeko Findrisk testa erabili da eta osasun-egoeraren ikuspegi orokorragoa lortzeko pazienteei presio arteriala neurtu zaie. Arestian aipatutako programan, Elgetako botikan, 58 pertsonak hartu dute parte. Horietatik, 10 urtetan DM2a pairatzeko arrisku baxukoak 7 pertsona (%12,1), ertainekoak 36 (%62,1) eta altukoak 15 izan dira (%25,8). Hipertentsioarentzako medikamentua hartzen ez zuten 37 pertsonetatik 15 (%40,5), pre-hipertentso edo hipertentso bezala sailkatu dira. Hipertentsioaren kontrako medikamentua hartzen zuten 21 pertsonetatik 12 (%57,1) ez daude kontrolpean. Lortutako emaitzek Elgetako biztanleriaren osasun-egoera oro har ona dela erakusten dute. Hala ere, hainbat neurketatan (gerriko perimetroa, eguneroko ariketa fisikoa eta hipertentsioa), ahuleziak antzeman dira. Hori dela-eta, Elgetako biztanleriaren osasun-heziketa indartu behar dela ondorioztatu da.

Gako-hitzak: Glukosa, II motako diabetes mellitusa, Lehen mailako prebentzioa, Komunitateko farmazia

Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus is the third most prevalent chronic disease in Spain. Due to its prevalence and the importance of its prevention, a program called “Detection of patients at risk of developing type 2 diabetes” was initiated in January 2017 in the community pharmacies of Gipuzkoa. The objective of the present study was to calculate the risk of developing diabetes and to establish the health condition of people living in Elgeta (Gipuzkoa). Moreover, the study was designed to encourage the service of detecting the risk of diabetes in the community pharmacy. The program lasted 6 months and consisted of a prospective research. The Findrisk test was used to calculate the risk of developing diabetes, whereas the arterial pressure of patients was measured to obtain a more general view of the health situation of the population in Elgeta. 58 people in Elgeta participated in the program. 7 participants (12.1%) had low risk of developing diabetes in ten years, 36 participants (62.1%) had medium risk and 15 participants (25.8%) had high risk. Within the participants who were not taking any antihypertensive medication, 15 of them (40.5%) were classified as having a pre-hypertensive or hypertensive condition. Within the participants who were taking antihypertensive medication, 12 participants (57.1%) did not have their hypertension controlled. This study shows that the health condition of people living in Elgeta is overall acceptable. However, some of the health indicators measured (waist perimeter, daily physical activity and hypertension) reflect points which could be improved. Therefore, we can conclude that the health education of people in Elgeta should be improved.

Keywords: Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Primary prevention, Community pharmacy