Melanoma melanozitoak gaiztotzearen ondorioz sorturiko larruazaleko minbizi mota bat da. Azken hamarkadan gaixotasun horrek izandako intzidentziaren igoera dela-eta, garrantzi kliniko, sozial eta ekonomiko handia sortu du. Melanomaren tratamendua desberdina da tumore motaren eta haren estadioaren arabera, bai eta gaixoaren osasun-egoeraren eta adinaren arabera ere. Melanomaren tratamendu klasikoen artean, kirurgia, kimioterapia eta erradioterapia nagusitzen dira, baita zuzendutako terapia molekularra ere. Horiek, albo-ondorio larriak ekartzeaz gain, hainbat gaixorengan ez dute eraginik. Azken urteotan, immunoterapian oinarritutako medikamentuak indar handia hartzen ari dira. Terapia biologikoa izenez ezagutzen dena ere, gorputzaren defentsa naturalak minbiziari aurre egiteko estimulatzen dituen minbiziaren tratamendu mota bat da. Gorputzak berak ekoiztutako edo laborategi batean egindako substantziak erabiltzean datza sistema immunitarioaren funtzioa hobetzeko edo zaharberritzeko. Gako-hitzak: melanoma, immunologia, immunoterapia Melanoma is a type of skin cancer caused by the malignancy of melanocytes. Due to the increase in the incidence of this disease in the last decade, an important clinical, social and economic importance has emerged. The treatment of melanoma varies according to the type of tumor and its stage, as well as the state of health and the age of the patient. Classic treatments for melanoma include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as well as targeted molecular therapy. The latter, in addition to bringing serious side effects, presents inefficiencies in some patients. In recent years, immunotherapy-based medications are becoming popular. What is known as biological therapy is a type of cancer treatment that stimulates the body's natural defences. It consists of using substances manufactured by the body itself or made in a laboratory to improve or restore the function of the immune system. Keywords: Melanoma, Immunology, Immunotherapy.