Oso hedatua dago proteinek, kopuru handitan hartuta zein bestela ere, giltzurrunen kaltea ekartzen dutela. Jakina da proteinaren ekarpenaren murrizketak giltzurrun-gutxiegitasun diabetikoa zein ez-diabetikoaren aurrera egitea atzeratzen dituela, baita hauek bere baitan dakartzaten ondorioak ere. Beste alde batetik, proteinek kirol-errendimendua hobetzen eta muskulu-masa sortzen laguntzen dute, eta hainbat saiakuntza klinikotan agertu dira, proteinek kirolari osasuntsuetan eragiten dituzten aldaketak parametro funtzionaletan eta biokimikoetan. Orain arte, bi argudio kontrajarri daude proteinen kontsumoaren gainean: batzuek giltzurrunak kaltetzen dituztela, besteek eragin negatiborik ez dutela. Biak bateratuz gero, esan daiteke jada gaixo dagoen giltzurrunean proteinen kontsumo handiak kaltearen aurrera egitea sustatzen duela, pertsona osasuntsuetan ordea, inolako kalterik sortzen ez duelarik. Lehenaren babesleek proteina-kontsumoarekin kontuz ibiltzeko, eta beronen murrizpenaren aldeko jarrera dute; bigarrenek ordea kontsumo librea bultzatzen dute, baita altua ere, helburuak lortzeko bidean kalterik ez omen du sortzen eta. Baieztapen hauek zentzuzkoak diren ala ez argitzeko hainbat datu eta iturri bildu dira berrikuspen honetan, animalia zein gizakietan (osasuntsu daudenak, gaixo egoteko arriskuan daudenak, zein gaixorik daudenak) buruturiko saiakuntzak, gaiaren inguruan hipotesi berriak eta erantzun posibleak mahaiaren gainean jartzeko.

Gako-hitzak: Giltzurruna, Proteinak, Dieta, Kaltea, Giltzurrun-kaltea, Giltzurrun-gutxiegitasuna, Kirola, Glomerulua, Hiperfiltrazioa

The belief that, either in high intake or in general, protein consumption causes kidney damage is widely extended. It is known that protein intake limitation helps reducing diabetic and non-diabetic CKD, and their associated consequences. On the other hand, protein helps in sport performance and building muscle mass, and some clinical trials have shown what protein intake causes at functional and biochemical parameters in healthy sportsmen and women. There are two opposite arguments about protein intake: some say it causes kidney damage, others say that there is no negative impact. Putting them together, one could tell that protein intake in a kidney that is already malfunctioning may lead to its destruction, while there is no risk of harm in those that are healthy. Defenders of the first argument support that there is a need to be careful with protein quantity, and that it should be reduced; those who support free protein consumption, even high protein intake, argue that it apparently doesn’t bring kidney damage. In this review considerable data and sources were gathered, such as clinical trials in animals and humans (healthy, pre-illness stage and ill ones), in order to clarify if those statements are reasonable or not, and to put new hypothesis and possible answers on the table.

Keywords: kidney, protein, diet, injury, kidney injury, kidney disease, sport, glomerulus, hyperfiltration